Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions
arXiv:2311.15272 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/06/002
Abstract
We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, , that depends on the scale factor , and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic universes.
arXiv comment24 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
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