Observation of magnetically-induced transition intensity redistribution in the onset of the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime

Abstract

The Zeeman effect is an important topic in atomic spectroscopy. The induced change in transition frequencies and amplitudes finds applications in the Earth-field-range magnetometry. At intermediate magnetic field amplitude $B\sim B_0=A_{\text{hfs}}/{\mu }_B$, where $A_{\text{hfs}}$ is the magnetic dipole constant of the ground state, and ${\mu }_B$ is the Bohr magneton ($B_0\approx 1.7$ kG for Cs), the rigorous rule $\Delta F=0,\pm 1$ is affected by the coupling between magnetic sub-levels induced by the field. Transitions satisfying $\Delta F=\pm 2$, referred to as magnetically-induced transitions, can be observed. Here, we show that a significant redistribution of the Cs $6{\text{S}}_{1/2}\to 6{\text{P}}_{3/2}$ magnetically-induced transition intensities occurs with increasing magnetic field. We observe that the strongest transition in the group $F_g=3\to F_e=5$ (${\sigma }^{+}$ polarization) for $B<B_0$ cease to be the strongest for $B>3B_0$. On the other hand, the strongest transition in the group $F_g=2\to F_e=4$ (${\sigma }^{-}$ polarization) remains so for all our measurements with magnetic fields up to 9 kG. These results are in agreement with a theoretical model. The model predicts that similar observations can be made for all alkali metals, including Na, K and Rb atoms. Our findings are important for magnetometers utilizing the Zeeman effect above Earth field, following the rapid development of micro-machined vapor-cell-based sensors.