Massive neutron stars as mass gap candidates: Exploring equation of state and magnetic field

Abstract

The densities in the cores of the neutron stars (NSs) can reach several times that of the nuclear saturation density. The exact nature of matter at these densities is still virtually unknown. We consider a number of proposed, phenomenological relativistic mean-field equations of state to construct theoretical models of NSs. We find that, based on our selected set of models, the emergence of exotic matter at these high densities restricts the mass of NSs to $\simeq 2.2M_{\odot }$. However, the presence of magnetic fields and a model anisotropy significantly increases the star's mass, placing it within the observational mass gap that separates the heaviest NSs from the lightest black holes. Therefore, we propose that gravitational wave observations, like GW190814, and other potential candidates within this mass gap, may actually represent massive, magnetized NSs.

18 pages including 26 figures and 12 tables; this version published in Phys. Rev. D

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• Possible binary neutron star merger history of the primary of GW230529
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Topology of the Superconducting Heart of Neutron Stars: Effects of Microphysics and Gravitational-Wave Signatures