Enhanced Entanglement in the Measurement-Altered Quantum Ising Chain

Abstract

Understanding the influence of measurements on the properties of many-body systems is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics and for quantum technologies. This paper explores how a finite density of stochastic local measurement modifies a given state's entanglement structure. Considering various measurement protocols, we explore the typical quantum correlations of their associated projected ensembles arising from the ground state of the quantum Ising model. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we demonstrate substantial differences among inequivalent measurement protocols. Surprisingly, we observe that forced on-site measurements can enhance both bipartite and multipartite entanglement. We present a phenomenological toy model and perturbative calculations to analytically support these results. Furthermore, we extend these considerations to the non-Hermitian Ising model, naturally arising in optically monitored systems, and we show that its qualitative entanglement features are not altered by a finite density of projective measurements. Overall, these results reveal a complex phenomenology where local quantum measurements do not simply disentangle degrees of freedom, but may actually strengthen the entanglement in the system.

17 pages, 5 figures; updated to the version accepted by Quantum

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• Nonstabilizerness in the unitary and monitored quantum dynamics of XXZ-staggered and SYK models
• Measurement-Induced Entanglement Phase Transition in Free Fermion Systems
• Entanglement swapping in critical quantum spin chains
• Boundary transitions from a single round of measurements on gapless quantum states
• Observable-projected ensembles
• Probing prethermal nonergodicity through measurement outcomes of monitored quantum dynamics
• Entanglement behavior and localization properties in monitored fermion systems
• Entanglement phases and phase transitions in monitored free fermion system due to localizations