Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration to mK temperatures with the distorted square lattice magnet NaYbGeO${}_4$

Abstract

We report the synthesis, characterization, low-temperature magnetic, and thermodynamic measurements of the novel milli-Kelvin adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (mK-ADR) candidate material NaYbGeO${}_4$ which exhibits a distorted square lattice arrangement of YbO${}_6$ magnetic units. Magnetization and specific heat indicate weakly interacting effective spin-1/2 moments below 10~K, with a Curie-Weiss temperature of only 15~mK, that can be polarized by magnetic fields of order 1~T. For the ADR performance test, we start the demagnetization from 5~T at a temperature of $\sim 2$~K and reach a minimum temperature of 150~mK at zero field. The warming curve indicates a sharp magnetic transition in the heat capacity at 210~mK, implying only weak magnetic frustration. The entropy density of $S_{\mathrm{GS}}\simeq 101$ mJ K${}^{-1}$cm${}^{-3}$ and hold time below 2~K of 220~min are competitive while the minimal temperature is higher compared to frustrated Ytterbium-oxide ADR materials studied under similar conditions.

arXiv comment9 pages, 7 figures

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