Calibrating the effective magnitudes of type Ia supernovae with a model-independent method

Abstract

This research explores the correlation between the absolute magnitude and the redshift of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with a model-independent approach. The Pantheon sample of SNe Ia and strong gravitational lensing systems (SGLS) are used. With the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), the evolution parameter of the magnitude, the light curve parameters of SNe Ia, and the parameters of the SGLS geometric model are constrained simultaneously. Considering the consistency of the redshifts, we selected a subsample of SNe Ia in which the redshift of each SNe Ia is close to the corresponding redshift of the SGLS sample. Two parametric models are used to describe this evolution, which can be written as ${\delta }_M=\epsilon z$ and ${\delta }_M=\epsilon \log (1+z)$, respectively. Our analysis reveals that $\epsilon =-0.036_{-0.339}^{+0.357}$ in the first parametric model and $\epsilon =-0.014_{-0.630}^{+0.588}$ in the second model, indicating that no significant evolution ($\epsilon =0$) is supported at the 1$\sigma$ confidence level in this study. These results represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the intrinsic properties of SNe Ia and provide important constraints for future SNe Ia study.

8 pages, 2 figures, Accepted by Physical Review D

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