Sulfur isotope ratios in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Abstract

Sulfur isotope ratios have emerged as a promising tool for tracing stellar nucleosynthesis, quantifying stellar populations, and investigating the chemical evolution of galaxies. While extensively studied in the Milky Way, in extragalactic environments they remain largely unexplored. We focus on investigating the sulfur isotope ratios in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to gain insights into sulfur enrichment in this nearby system and to establish benchmarks for such ratios in metal-poor galaxies. We conducted pointed observations of CS and its isotopologues toward N113, one of the most prominent star-formation regions in the LMC, utilizing the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment 12~m telescope. We present the first robust detection of C${}^{33}$S in the LMC by successfully identifying two C${}^{33}$S transitions on a large scale of $\sim$5 pc. Our measurements result in an accurate determination of the ${}^{34}$S/${}^{33}$S isotope ratio, which is 2.0$\pm$0.2. Our comparative analysis indicates that the ${}^{32}$S/${}^{33}$S and ${}^{34}$S/${}^{33}$S isotope ratios are about a factor of 2 lower in the LMC than in the Milky Way. Our findings suggest that the low ${}^{34}$S/${}^{33}$S isotope ratio in the LMC can be attributed to a combination of the age effect, low metallicity, and star formation history.

arXiv comment6 pages, 1 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, adjusted to the final version

References in corpus (47)

• A computer program for fast non-LTE analysis of interstellar line spectra
• An atomic and molecular database for analysis of submillimetre line observations
• The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS, in the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre, VAMDC
• An eclipsing binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to 2 per cent
• Abundance Gradients and the Formation of the Milky Way
• Nucleosynthesis in Classical Novae: ONe vs. CO White Dwarfs
• The Star Formation History of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• How to Calculate Molecular Column Density
• An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst
• High-resolution wide-band Fast Fourier Transform spectrometers
• Stellar populations dominated by massive stars in dusty starburst galaxies across cosmic time
• The Distribution of the Elements in the Galactic Disk III. A Reconsideration of Cepheids from l = 30 to 250 Degrees
• A 2 mm spectral line survey of the starburst galaxy NGC 253
• Metallicity Gradients in Disks: Do Galaxies Form Inside-Out?
• High and Intermediate-Mass Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Red giants observed by CoRoT and APOGEE: The evolution of the Milky Way's radial metallicity gradient
• Spitzer observations of HH54 and HH7-11: mapping the H2 ortho-to-para ratio in shocked molecular gas
• Dense gas in nearby galaxies XVI. The nuclear starburst environment in NGC4945
• Dense Gas Tracers and Star Formation Laws in Active Galaxies: APEX Survey of HCN J=4-3, HCO+ J=4-3, and CS J=7-6
• Sulfur chemistry and isotopic ratios in the starburst galaxy NGC 253
• SEPIA - a new single pixel receiver at the APEX Telescope
• Abundances and Isotope Ratios in the Magellanic Clouds: The Star Forming Environment of N113
• ALCHEMI: an ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory. Survey presentation and first results from the ACA array
• VLT spectroscopy of low-metallicity emission-line galaxies: abundance patterns and abundance discrepancies
• Probing isotopic ratios at z = 0.89: molecular line absorption in front of the quasar PKS 1830-211
• Direct measurements of carbon and sulfur isotope ratios in the Milky Way
• The detection of extragalactic ${}^{15}$N: Consequences for nitrogen nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution
• The Life and Death of Dense Molecular Clumps in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• APECS - The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Control System
• Masers associated with high-mass star formation regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Age of the Oldest Stars in the Local Galactic Disk From Hipparcos Parallaxes of G and K Subgiants
• The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
• The abundance of 36S in IRC+10216 and its production in the Galaxy
• Oxygen fractionation in dense molecular clouds
• Spectral Line Survey toward Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The youngest massive protostars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• On the true shape of the upper end of the stellar initial mass function: The case of R136
• Kinetic temperature of massive star forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde. II. The Large Magellanic Cloud
• Observations of ground-state OH in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Chemistry and physics of a low-metallicity hot core in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• CS 5-4 survey toward nearby IR bright galaxies
• Sulphur and carbon isotopes towards Galactic centre clouds
• Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde IV. The ALMA view of N113 and N159W in the LMC
• Galactic interstellar sulfur isotopes: A radial ${}^{32}$S$/$${}^{34}$S gradient?
• ASTE observations in the 345 GHz window towards the HII region N113 of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Isotopic ratios at z=0.68 from molecular absorption lines toward B 0218+357
• A multiline study of a high-mass young stellar object in the Small Magellanic Cloud with ALMA: The detection of methanol gas at 0.2 solar metallicity

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Kinetic temperature of massive star-forming molecular clumps measured with formaldehyde V. The massive filament DR21
• MAGellanic Outflow and chemistry Survey (MAGOS): Hot cores in the LMC
• Molecular Clouds at the Edge of the Galaxy I. Variation of CO J=2-1/1-0 Line Ratio
• First detection of CF${}^{+}$ in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Probing sulfur chemistry in oxygen-rich AGB stars with ALMA