Towards a holistic magnetic braking model from the evolution of cataclysmic variables to stellar spin-down -- I: the spin-down of fully convective M-dwarfs

Abstract

We extend a magnetic braking (MB) model, which has been used earlier to address the evolution of cataclysmic variables, to address the spin period $P_{\mathrm{spin}}$ evolution of fully convective M dwarf (FCMD) stars. The MB mechanism is an $\alpha -\Omega$ dynamo, which leads to stellar winds that carry away angular momentum. We model our MB torque such that the FCMDs experience a MB torque, approximately scaling as $P_{\mathrm{spin}}^{-1}$ at shorter periods, before transitioning into a Skumanich-type MB torque, scaling as $P_{\mathrm{spin}}^{-3}$. We also implement a parametrized reduction in the wind mass loss owing to the entrapment of winds in dead zones. We choose a set of initial conditions and vary the two free parameters in our model to find a good match of our spin trajectories with open clusters containing FCMDs such as NGC2547, Pleiades, NGC2516 and Praesepe. We find that our model can explain the long spin periods of field stars and that a spread in spin distribution persists till over 3 Gyr. An advantage of our model is in relating physically motivated estimations of the magnetic field strength and stellar wind to properties of the stellar dynamo, which other models often remain agnostic about. We track the spin dependence of the wind mass losses, Alfvén radii and surface magnetic fields and find good agreement with observations. We discuss the implications of our results on the effect of the host FCMD on any orbiting exoplanets and our plans to extend this model to explain solar-like stars in the future.

16 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publications in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• The Solar Neighborhood LII: M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- Presumed Identical Twins Appear Fraternal in Variability, Rotation, H$\alpha$, and X-rays
• Towards a holistic magnetic braking model -- II: explaining several long-term internal- and surface-spin properties of solar-like stars and the Sun
• The Solar Neighborhood. LV. M Dwarf Twin Binaries -- One in Five Twin Sibling Pairs Are Mismatched in Activity and/or Rotation