Realizing the Nishimori transition across the error threshold for constant-depth quantum circuits
arXiv:2309.02863 · doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02696-6
Abstract
Preparing quantum states across many qubits is necessary to unlock the full potential of quantum computers. However, a key challenge is to realize efficient preparation protocols which are stable to noise and gate imperfections. Here, using a measurement-based protocol on a 127 superconducting qubit device, we study the generation of the simplest long-range order -- Ising order, familiar from Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and the repetition code -- on 54 system qubits. Our efficient implementation of the constant-depth protocol and classical decoder shows higher fidelities for GHZ states compared to size-dependent, unitary protocols. By experimentally tuning coherent and incoherent error rates, we demonstrate stability of this decoded long-range order in two spatial dimensions, up to a critical point which corresponds to a transition belonging to the unusual Nishimori universality class. Although in classical systems Nishimori physics requires fine-tuning multiple parameters, here it arises as a direct result of the Born rule for measurement probabilities -- locking the effective temperature and disorder driving this transition. Our study exemplifies how measurement-based state preparation can be meaningfully explored on quantum processors beyond a hundred qubits.
arXiv comment16 pages, 18 figures
References in corpus (37)
- Persistent entanglement in arrays of interacting particles
- Topological quantum memory
- Classification of Gapped Symmetric Phases in 1D Spin Systems
- Lieb-Robinson bounds and the generation of correlations and topological quantum order
- Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements
- Procedure for systematically tuning up crosstalk in the cross resonance gate
- A simple all-microwave entangling gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
- Characterizing Quantum Gates via Randomized Benchmarking
- Complete classification of 1D gapped quantum phases in interacting spin systems
- Practical characterization of quantum devices without tomography
- Scalable error mitigation for noisy quantum circuits produces competitive expectation values
- Long-range quantum entanglement in noisy cluster states
- Model-free readout-error mitigation for quantum expectation values
- Non-Abelian Topological Order and Anyons on a Trapped-Ion Processor
- Dynamically Generated Logical Qubits
- Verifying Multipartite Entangled GHZ States via Multiple Quantum Coherences
- Reducing unitary and spectator errors in cross resonance with optimized rotary echoes
- First-principles analysis of cross-resonance gate operation
- Measurement as a shortcut to long-range entangled quantum matter
- Hierarchy of topological order from finite-depth unitaries, measurement and feedforward
- A general framework for randomized benchmarking
- Quantum Circuits assisted by LOCC: Transformations and Phases of Matter
- Phase transition in Random Circuit Sampling
- Nishimori's cat: stable long-range entanglement from finite-depth unitaries and weak measurements
- Gapped quantum liquids and topological order, stochastic local transformations and emergence of unitarity
- Efficient Long-Range Entanglement using Dynamic Circuits
- Generation and verification of 27-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in a superconducting quantum computer
- Shortest Route to Non-Abelian Topological Order on a Quantum Processor
- Topological Order from Measurements and Feed-Forward on a Trapped Ion Quantum Computer
- Whole-device entanglement in a 65-qubit superconducting quantum computer
- Quantum circuit complexity of one-dimensional topological phases
- Mixed-state long-range order and criticality from measurement and feedback
- Probing post-measurement entanglement without post-selection
- Multicritical point of Ising spin glasses on triangular and honeycomb lattices
- State preparation by shallow circuits using feed forward
- Symmetry-enriched topological order from partially gauging symmetry-protected topologically ordered states assisted by measurements
- Experimental demonstration of the advantage of adaptive quantum circuits
Cited by in corpus (22)
- Fast multiplexed superconducting qubit readout with intrinsic Purcell filtering
- Measurement-Based Long-Range Entangling Gates in Constant Depth
- Benchmarking the performance of quantum computing software
- Scalable Quantum Simulations of Scattering in Scalar Field Theory on 120 Qubits
- Efficient Detection of Strong-To-Weak Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking via the Rényi-1 Correlator
- Exact Calculations of Coherent Information for Toric Codes under Decoherence: Identifying the Fundamental Error Threshold
- Highly entangled stationary states from strong symmetries
- Symmetric quantum states: a review of recent progress
- Entanglement dynamics in monitored Kitaev circuits: loop models, symmetry classification, and quantum Lifshitz scaling
- Empirical learning of dynamical decoupling on quantum processors
- Flow to Nishimori universality in weakly monitored quantum circuits with qubit loss
- Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
- Temperature chaos as a logical consequence of the reentrant transition in spin glasses
- Tangent Space Excitation Ansatz for Quantum Circuits
- Achieving computational gains with quantum error-correction primitives: Generation of long-range entanglement enhanced by error detection
- Revisiting Nishimori multicriticality through the lens of information measures
- Towards scalable active steering protocols for genuinely entangled state manifolds
- Measurement-Induced Entanglement in Conformal Field Theory
- Non-Commutative weak measurements: Entanglement, Symmetry Breaking, and the Role of Readout
- Disambiguating Pauli noise in quantum computers
- Quantum Circuits for Matrix-Product Unitaries
- Noisy Monitored Quantum Circuits