Active crystallization from power functional theory

Abstract

We address the gas, liquid, and crystal phase behaviour of active Brownian particles in three dimensions. The nonequilibrium force balance at coexistence leads to equality of state functions for which we use power functional approximations. Motility-induced phase separation starts at a critical point and quickly becomes metastable against active freezing for Péclet numbers above a nonequilibrium triple point. The mean swim speed acts as a state variable, similar to the density of depletion agents in colloidal demixing. We obtain agreement with recent simulation results and correctly predict the strength of particle number fluctuations in active fluids.

arXiv comment7 pages, 2 figures

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• Neural force functional for non-equilibrium many-body colloidal systems
• Self-assembly and non-equilibrium phase coexistence in a binary granular mixture
• Theory of Nonequilibrium Coexistence with Coupled Conserved and Nonconserved Order Parameters
• Theory of Nonequilibrium Crystallization and the Phase Diagram of Active Brownian Spheres