Very late-time spectroscopy of SN 2009ip: Constraints on the ongoing H$\alpha$ emission

Abstract

The peculiar supernova (SN) 2009ip is an ambiguous event that spurred many questions regarding its true origins. Here, we present very late-time spectroscopic and photometric observations of SN 2009ip, obtained 9 years (3274 days) after the 2012B outburst. We analyze the H$\alpha$ emission still present in the very late-time spectrum of SN 2009ip. We also obtain photometric measurements in the $r$, $g,$ and $i$ bands. We obtained observations of SN 2009ip on 2021 September 10 with the IMACS instrument at the 6.5 m Magellan Baade Telescope, located at the Las Campanas Observatory. SN 2009ip was detected in the $r$, $g,$ and $i$ bands, with an absolute magnitude in $r$ band of $\sim -8.66$~mag. We show that the source faded significantly since the last observations in these bands. We further show that the very late-time spectrum contains a persistent H$\alpha$ emission, although no other emission lines were detected. We measured a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of $930\pm 40{\text{km s}}^{-1}$ and luminosity of $\sim 8.0\times 10^{37}{\text{erg s}}^{-1}$ for the H$\alpha$ emission. The luminosity decreased relatively slowly in comparison to the last observations and its fading rate is very similar to other long-living interacting transients, such as SN 2005ip. Finally, we conclude that although these properties could be consistent with a non-regular core-collapse SN, they may also be explained through non-terminal explosion scenarios.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures, accepted at A&A

References in corpus (34)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• Astrometry.net: Blind astrometric calibration of arbitrary astronomical images
• WISeREP - An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• The Pan-STARRS1 Database and Data Products
• The Unprecedented 2012 Outburst of SN 2009ip: A Luminous Blue Variable Becomes a True Supernova
• Interacting Supernovae and Supernova Impostors. SN 2009ip, is this the end?
• A panchromatic view of the restless SN2009ip reveals the explosive ejection of a massive star envelope
• Discovery of Precursor LBV Outbursts in Two Recent Optical Transients: The Fitfully Variable Missing Links UGC 2773-OT and SN 2009ip
• Coronal lines and dust formation in SN 2005ip: Not the brightest, but the hottest Type IIn supernova
• Latitude-dependent effects in the stellar wind of Eta Carinae
• PTF11iqb: Cool supergiant mass loss that bridges the gap between Type IIn and normal supernovae
• The Diversity of Massive Star Outbursts I: Observations of SN 2009ip, UGC 2773 OT2009-1, and Their Progenitors
• SN 2009ip and SN 2010mc: Core-collapse Type IIn supernovae arising from blue supergiants
• Final Moments I: Precursor Emission, Envelope Inflation, and Enhanced Mass loss Preceding the Luminous Type II Supernova 2020tlf
• SN 2009ip á la PESSTO: No evidence for core-collapse yet
• Late-Time Optical Emission From Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Multi-epoch spectropolarimetry of SN 2009ip: direct evidence for aspherical circumstellar material
• The Rise of the Remarkable Type IIn Supernova SN 2009ip
• Models of interacting supernovae and their spectral diversity
• Clues To The Nature of SN 2009ip from Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution to Late Times
• Endurance of SN 2005ip after a decade: X-rays, radio, and H-alpha like SN 1988Z require long-lived pre-supernova mass loss
• Supernova 1998S at 14 years Postmortem: Continuing Circumstellar Interaction and Dust Formation
• X-rays from the explosion site: Fifteen years of light curves of SN 1993J
• SN 2009ip at late times - an interacting transient at +2 years
• The Peculiar Balmer Decrement of SN 2009ip: Constraints on Circumstellar Geometry
• A spectroscopic event of eta Car viewed from different directions: The data and first results
• Massive stars dying alone: The extremely remote environment of SN 2009ip
• The morphing of decay powered to interaction powered Type II supernova ejecta at nebular times
• Clues to the Nature of SN 2009ip II: The Continuing Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution to 1000 Days
• The Slow Demise of the Long-Lived SN 2005ip
• SN 2009ip: Constraining the latest explosion properties by its late-phase light curve

Cited by in corpus (3)

• The enigmatic double-peaked stripped-envelope SN 2023aew
• STag II: Classification of Serendipitous Supernovae Observed by Galaxy Redshift Surveys
• SN 2024hpj: A perspective on SN 2009ip-like events