Subgradient Langevin Methods for Sampling from Non-smooth Potentials

Abstract

This paper is concerned with sampling from probability distributions $\ddot{I}€$ on ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ admitting a density of the form $\ddot{I}€(x)\propto e^{-U(x)}$, where $U(x)=F(x)+G(Kx)$ with $K$ being a linear operator and $G$ being non-differentiable. Two different methods are proposed, both employing a subgradient step with respect to $G\circ K$, but, depending on the regularity of $F$, either an explicit or an implicit gradient step with respect to $F$ can be implemented. For both methods, non-asymptotic convergence proofs are provided, with improved convergence results for more regular $F$. Further, numerical experiments are conducted for simple 2D examples, illustrating the convergence rates, and for examples of Bayesian imaging, showing the practical feasibility of the proposed methods for high dimensional data.