Cosmic Birefringence as a probe of dark matter nature: Sterile neutrino and dipolar dark matter

Abstract

Recently, non-zero rotation angle $\beta =0.30^{\circ }\pm 0.11^{\circ }$ $(68\%\text{ C.L.})$ [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{128}, no.9, 091302 (2022)] has been reported for linear polarization of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which is known as cosmic birefringence (CB). We used this birefringence angle of CMB to study and distinguish different candidates of dark matter (DM), e.g., dipolar and sterile neutrino DM. We calculated CMB forward scattering by those probable candidates of DM to generate $\beta$ in the presence of primordial scalar fluctuations' background. We explicitly plotted bounds on the mass and electromagnetic coupling for different sectors of DM, sterile neutrino, and dipolar DM, and compared them with other experimental bounds. Regarding dipolar DM, our calculations put a bound on the Majorana magnetic dipole moment about $\mathcal{M}⩽1.4\times 10^{-14}\frac{\beta }{0.30^{\circ }}\sqrt{\frac{m_{\text{DM}}}{1GeV}}e.\text{cm}$. In the case of sterile neutrino DM, the bound on the mass and mixing angle was estimated at ${\theta }^2⩽3.3(rad{)}^2\frac{\beta }{0.30^{\circ }}\frac{m_{DM}}{\mathrm{KeV}}$, which can be a new constraint for sterile neutrino DM whose production mechanism is motivated by models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrino. Based on our results, if the constraint on the mass and the electromagnetic coupling for DM must be within the allowed region, none of the considered candidates can compensate for all the observed CB angles. We also discussed the maximum contribution of the CB angle via CMB forward scattering by different sectors of the dark matter.

Published version

References in corpus (21)

• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Sterile neutrinos, dark matter, and the pulsar velocities in models with a Higgs singlet
• Can sterile neutrinos be the dark matter?
• New Extraction of the Cosmic Birefringence from the Planck 2018 Polarization Data
• Where to find a dark matter sterile neutrino?
• Cosmic Birefringence from Planck Data Release 4
• Constraints on decaying Dark Matter from XMM-Newton observations of M31
• Constraints on the parameters of radiatively decaying dark matter from the dark matter halo of the Milky Way and Ursa Minor
• Effect on cosmic microwave background polarization of coupling of quintessence to pseudoscalar formed from the electromagnetic field and its dual
• Dipolar Dark Matter
• Pseudoscalar perturbations and polarization of the cosmic microwave background
• Strong Upper Limits on Sterile Neutrino Warm Dark Matter
• Sterile neutrino dark matter in $B-L$ extension of the standard model and galactic 511 keV line
• Freeze-in Production of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in U(1)${}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ Model
• Hidden axion dark matter decaying through mixing with QCD axion and the 3.5 keV X-ray line
• 3.5-keV X-ray line from nearly-degenerate WIMP dark matter decays
• 7.1 keV sterile neutrino dark matter constraints from a deep Chandra X-ray observation of the Galactic bulge Limiting Window
• Photon-neutrino scattering and the B-mode spectrum of CMB photons
• Impact of the vector dark matter on polarization of the CMB photon
• CMB Polarization by the Asymmetric Template of Scalar Perturbations