Quantum droplets with particle imbalance in one-dimensional optical lattices

Abstract

We study the formation of particle-imbalanced quantum droplets in a one-dimensional optical lattice containing a binary bosonic mixture at zero temperature. To understand the effects of the imbalance from both the few- and many-body perspectives, we employ density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations and perform the extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit. In contrast to the particle-balanced case, not all bosons are paired, resulting in an interplay between bound states and individual atoms that leads to intriguing phenomena. Quantum droplets manage to sustain a small particle imbalance, resulting in an effective magnetization. However, as the imbalance is further increased, a critical point is eventually crossed, and the droplets start to expel the excess particles while the magnetization in the bulk remains constant. Remarkably, the unpaired particles on top of the quantum droplet effectively form a super Tonks-Girardeau (hard-rod) gas. The expulsion point coincides with the critical density at which the size of the super Tonks-Girardeau gas matches the size of the droplet.

Main text: 16 pages, 11 figures. Appendix: 4 pages, 3 figures

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• From spontaneous to explicit symmetry breaking in a finite-sized system: Bosonic bound states of an impurity
• Few-body bound states of bosonic mixtures in two-dimensional optical lattices
• Multicomponent one-dimensional quantum droplets across the mean-field stability regime
• Phases and dynamics of an impurity immersed in one-dimensional quantum droplets
• Dimensional crossover of bound complexes in a two-species Bose-Hubbard lattice: Correlations and dynamics