The zoo of isolated neutron stars

Abstract

In this brief review I summarize our basic knowledge about different types of isolated neutron stars. I discuss radio pulsars, central compact objects in supernova remnants, magnetars, near-by cooling neutron stars (aka the Magnificent seven), and sources of fast radio bursts. Several scenarios of magneto-rotational evolution are presented. Recent observational data, in the first place -- discovery of long period radio pulsar, require non-trivial evolution of magnetics fields or/and spin periods of neutron stars. In some detail I discuss different models of magnetic field decay and interaction of young neutron stars with fallback matter.

arXiv comment25 pages, accepted for publication in Universe, special issue "Selected Papers from the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Universe (ECU 2023)"