Axis-symmetric Onsager Clustered States of Point Vortices in a Bounded Domain

Abstract

We study axis-symmetric Onsager clustered states of a neutral point vortex system confined to a two-dimensional disc. Our analysis is based on the mean field of bounded point vortices in the microcanonical ensemble. The clustered vortex states are specified by the inverse temperature $\beta$ and the rotation frequency $\omega$, which are the conjugate variables of energy $E$ and angular momentum $L$, respectively. The formation of the axis-symmetric clustered vortex states (azimuthal angle independent) involves the separating of vortices with opposite circulation and the clustering of vortices with same circulation around origin and edge. The state preserves $\mathrm{SO}(2)$ symmetry while breaks ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry. We find that, near the uniform state ($E=0$), the rotation free state ($\omega =0$) emerges at particular values of $L^2/E$ and $\beta$. At large energies, we obtain asymptotically exact vortex density distributions, whose validity condition gives rise the lower bound of $\beta$ for the rotation free states. Noticeably, the obtained vortex density distribution near the edge at large energies provides a novel exact vortex density distribution for the corresponding chiral vortex system.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures

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