Schwarz lemma for real harmonic functions onto surfaces with non-negative Gaussian curvature

Abstract

Assume that $f$ is a real $\rho$-harmonic function of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ onto the interval $(-1,1)$, where $\rho (u,v)=R(u)$ is a metric defined in the infinite strip $(-1,1)\times \mathbb{R}$. Then we prove that $|\nabla f(z)|(1-|z{|}^2)\le \frac{4}{\pi }(1-f(z{)}^2)$ for all $z\in \mathbb{D}$, provided that $\rho$ has a non-negative Gaussian curvature. This extends several results in the field and answers to a conjecture proposed by the first author in 2014. Such an inequality is not true for negatively curved metrics.

Accepted for publication in Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society