Explicit formulae for surface gravities in stationary circular axi-symmetric spacetimes

Abstract

Using minimalist assumptions we develop a natural functional decomposition for the spacetime metric, and explicit tractable formulae for the surface gravities, in arbitrary stationary circular (PT symmetric) axisymmetric spacetimes. We relate rigidity results, (the existence of a Killing horizon), and the zeroth law to the absence of curvature singularities at the would-be horizons. These observations are of interest to both observational astrophysicists (modelling the cold, dark, heavy objects at the centre of most spiral galaxies), and to the analogue spacetime community, (wherein the presence of naked singularities is not necessarily deprecated, and the occurrence of non-Killing horizons is relatively common).

V1:24 pages; V2: several references added; minor changes in phrasing; no physics changes