Minor-Universal Graph for Graphs on Surfaces

Abstract

We show that for integer every $n$ and every surface $\Sigma$, there is a graph embeddable on $\Sigma$ with at most $c{n}^2$ vertices that contains as a minor every $n$-vertex graph embeddable on $\Sigma$. The constant $c$ depends polynomially on the Euler genus of $\Sigma$. This generalizes a well-known result for planar graphs by Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas [Quickly Excluding a Planar Graph. J. Comb. Theory B, 1994], which states that the square grid on $4n^2$ vertices contains as a minor every $n$-vertex planar graph, an important step in showing that graphs excluding that graphs excluding a planar graph as a minor have bounded tree-width. According to Gorsky, Seweryn, and Wiederrecht [Polynomial Bounds for the Graph Minor Structure Theorem, FOCS '25], our construction provides the final key ingredient in the search for polynomial bounds in the decomposition of graphs excluding as minor a given $n$-vertex graph achieving tight bounds with respect to the Euler genus of the surface part.