Constraining gravitational wave amplitude birefringence with GWTC-3

Abstract

The propagation of gravitational waves can reveal fundamental features of the structure of spacetime. For instance, differences in the propagation of gravitational-wave polarizations would be a smoking gun for parity violations in the gravitational sector, as expected from birefringent theories like Chern-Simons gravity. Here we look for evidence of amplitude birefringence in the third catalog of detections by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory and Virgo through the use of birefringent templates inspired by dynamical Chern-Simons gravity. From $71$ binary-black-hole signals, we obtain the most precise constraints on gravitational-wave amplitude birefringence yet, measuring a birefringent attenuation of $\kappa =-0.019_{-0.029}^{+0.038}{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-1}$ at $100\mathrm{Hz}$ with $90\%$ credibility, equivalent to a parity-violation energy scale of $M_{\mathrm{PV}}\gtrsim 6.8\times 10^{-21}\mathrm{GeV}$.

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• Testing modified gravity with the eccentric neutron star--black hole merger GW200105
• Bridging inflation and reheating: chiral gravitational waves from aHz to GHz
• Parity-odd Four-Point Correlation Function from DESI Data Release 1 Luminous Red Galaxy Sample
• Cosmological mirror symmetry and gravitational-wave helicity
• Constraining Lorentz and parity violations in gravity with multiband gravitational wave observations