Decay rates of almost strong modes in Floquet spin chains beyond Fermi's Golden Rule

Abstract

The stability and dynamics of almost strong zero and $\pi$ modes in weakly non-integrable Floquet spin chains are investigated. Such modes can also be viewed as localized Majorana modes at the edge of a topological superconductor. Perturbation theory in the strength of integrability-breaking interaction $J_z$ is employed to estimate the decay rates of these modes, and compared to decay rates obtained from exact diagonalization. The structure of the perturbation theory and thus the lifetime of the modes is governed by the conservation of quasi-energy modulo $2\pi /T$, where $T$ is the period of the Floquet system. If the quasi-energies of minimally $4n-1$ quasi-particles adds up to zero (or $\pi /T$ for a $\pi$ mode), the lifetime is proportional to $1/J_z^{2n}$. Thus the lifetime is sensitively controlled by the width of the single-particle Floquet bands. For regimes where the decay rates are quadratic in $J_z$, an analytic expression for the decay rate in terms of an infinite temperature autocorrelation function of the integrable model is derived, and shown to agree well with exact diagonalization.

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