Maximal polarization for periodic configurations on the real line

Abstract

We prove that among all 1-periodic configurations $\Gamma$ of points on the real line $\mathbb{R}$ the quantities $$\underset{x\in \mathbb{R}}{\min }\sum _{\gamma \in \Gamma }{e}^{-\pi \alpha (x-\gamma {)}^2}\text{and}\underset{x\in \mathbb{R}}{\max }\sum _{\gamma \in \Gamma }{e}^{-\pi \alpha (x-\gamma {)}^2}$$ are maximized and minimized, respectively, if and only if the points are equispaced and whenever the number of points $n$ per period is sufficiently large (depending on $\alpha$). This solves the polarization problem for periodic configurations with a Gaussian weight on $\mathbb{R}$ for large $n$. The first result is shown using Fourier series. The second result follows from work of Cohn and Kumar on universal optimality and holds for all $n$ (independent of $\alpha$).

32 pages, 2 figures, 49 references; to appear in International Mathematics Research Notices (IMRN)

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• Maximal Theta Functions -- Universal Optimality of the Hexagonal Lattice for Madelung-Like Lattice Energies
• Reconstruction of Bandlimited Functions from Space-Time Samples
• A variational principle for Gaussian lattice sums