Modified General Relativity and dark matter

Abstract

Modified General Relativity (MGR) is the natural extension of General Relativity (GR). MGR explicitly uses the smooth regular line element vector field $(\mathbf{X},-\mathbf{X})$, which exists in all Lorentzian spacetimes, to construct a connection-independent symmetric tensor that represents the energy-momentum of the gravitational field. It solves the problem of the non-localization of gravitational energy-momentum in GR, preserves the ontology of the Einstein equation, and maintains the equivalence principle. The line element field provides MGR with the extra freedom required to describe dark energy and dark matter. An extended Schwarzschild solution for the matter-free Einstein equation of MGR is developed, from which the Tully-Fisher relation is derived, and the gravitational energy density is calculated. The mass of the invisible matter halo of galaxy NGC 3198 calculated with MGR is identical to the result obtained from GR using a dark matter profile. Although dark matter in MGR is described geometrically, it has an equivalent representation as a particle with the property of a vector boson or a pair of fermions; the geometry of spacetime and the quantum nature of matter are linked together by the unit line element covectors that belong to both the Lorentzian metric and the spin-1 Klein-Gordon wave equation. The three classic tests of GR provide a comparison of the theories in the solar system and several parts of the cosmos. MGR provides the flexibility to describe inflation after the Big Bang and galactic anisotropies.

International Journal of Modern Physics D. Updated the Orthogonal Decomposition Theorem and clarified the gravitating mass

References in corpus (6)

• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble constant constraints
• The Dark Matter Distribution in the Spiral $NGC3198$ out to 0.22 $R_{vir}$
• The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey: Ten Strong Gravitational Lensing Clusters and Evidence of Overconcentration
• The ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905 needs dark matter

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Time Delay of Light in the Gravitational lensing of Supermassive Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• Gravitational Lensing of Spherically Symmetric Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• The unification of gravity and the spin-1 field
• A Mass-Shell Model of Compact Binary Coalescence
• Pathology of the Unified Dark Sectors in Modified General Relativity