Hamiltonian dynamics on the symplectic extended phase space for autonomous and non-autonomous systems

Abstract

We will present a constrained description of Hamiltonian dynamics on the ``symplectic extended phase space'' that is analogous to that of a time-independent Hamiltonian system on the conventional symplectic phase space. The energy constraint and the pertaining extended symplectic structure will be derived from a generalized formulation of Hamilton's variational principle. An extended Hamiltonian $H_1=k(H-e)$ generates the physical dynamics on the constraint surface, with $k$ specifying the parameterization of time. The extended canonical transformation theory naturally permits transformations that also map the time scales of original and destination system while preserving the form of the canonical equations. For generating functions without explicit dependence on the common evolution parameter, the extended Hamiltonian transforms as a scalar function. The Lorentz transformation and prescribed time scaling transformations will be shown to represent particular canonical transformations in the symplectic extended phase space. Coordinate-dependent time re-scalings and the constrained Kustaanheimo-Stiefel mapping will be distinguished from invertible canonical coordinate transformations. Furthermore, an extended generating function that maps explicitly time-dependent Hamiltonians into time-independent ones will be presented for the time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator and for an explicitly characterized class of time-dependent potentials. For a general potential, a related auxiliary system yields a trajectory-dependent reconstruction identity rather than a universal linear evolution law. In the appendix, the singular Legendre transformation of the extended Lagrangian $L_1$ will be shown to yield the energy constraint without uniquely fixing its Hamiltonian extension away from the constraint surface.

arXiv comment25 pages

References in corpus (4)

• Canonical transformations of the extended phase space, Toda lattices and Stackel family of integrable systems
• Noether's theorem and Lie symmetries for time-dependent Hamilton-Lagrange systems
• Invariants for time-dependent Hamiltonian systems
• Energy-second-moment map analysis as an approach to quantify the irregularity of Hamiltonian systems

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