An energy-based perspective on the correlation between stress drop and rupture speed

Abstract

Stress drop $\Delta \tau$ and rupture speed $V_r$ are two important earthquake source parameters that control the characteristics of rupture process and the associated ground motion. However, how the two parameters correlate with one another is currently still under debate. Here I use an energy-based approach from fracture mechanics to understand the correlation between $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$. This approach is built on the balance between fracture energy $G_c$ and dynamic energy release rate $G_d$ (which itself is a function of $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$). By synthesizing various observations within a unified fracture-energy ($G_c$) framework, I show that near constant $G_c$ can yield a positive correlation between $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$, whereas variable $G_c$ dependent on space, time or off-fault damage may cause a negative correlation between $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$. These results reconcile the debate on the correlation between $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$ and suggest a need to examine the condition of other factors (such as $G_c$). Additional factors may complicate the evaluation of the correlation between $\Delta \tau$ and $V_r$ when rupture process is inferred from far-field observations, accompanied by strong spatiotemporal variation, or followed by additional phases, which should be investigated by future studies.

21 pages, 1 table, 1 figure