Catalog of Planetary Nebulae detected by GALEX and corollary optical surveys

Abstract

Planetary nebulae (PNe) consist of an ionized envelope surrounding a hot central star (CSPN) that emits mostly at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Ultraviolet observations, therefore, provide important information on both the CSPN and the nebula. We have matched the PNe in The Hong Kong/AAO/Strasbourg H$\alpha$ (HASH) catalog with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) UV sky surveys, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 16 (SDSS), and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) PS1 second release. A total of 671 PNe were observed by GALEX with the far-UV (FUV; 1344-1786Å) and/or the near-UV (NUV; 1771-2831Å) detector on (GUVPNcat); 83 were observed by SDSS (PNcatxSDSSDR16) and 1819 by Pan-STARRS (PNcatxPS1MDS). We merged a distilled version of these matched catalogs into GUVPNcatxSDSSDR16xPS1MDS, which contains a total of 375 PNe with both UV and optical photometry over a total spectral coverage of $\sim$1540--9610Å. We analysed separately 170 PNe resolved in GALEX images and determined their UV radius by applying a flux profile analysis. The CSPN flux could be extracted separately from the PN emission for 8 and 50 objects with SDSS and Pan-STARRS counterparts respectively. The multi-band photometry was used to distinguish between compact and extended PNe and CSPNe (binary CSPNe) by color--color diagram analysis. We found that compact PNe candidates could be identified by using the $r-i<-0.4$ and $-$1$<$FUV$-$NUV$<$1 colors, whereas binary CSPNe candidates in given $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ ranges (all with color r$-$i$>-$0.4) can be identified in the color region (FUV$-$NUV)$\le$6(r$-$i)+1.3, $-$0.8$<$FUV$-$NUV$<$0.4 and r$-$i$<$0.75.

Accepted for publication in ApJS. 26 pages, 8 figures

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