Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing with HSC and SDSS using the Emulator Based Halo Model

Abstract

We present cosmology results from a blinded joint analysis of cosmic shear, $\hat{I}{¾}_{\pm }(\vartheta )$, galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, $\hat{I}”\hat{I}\pounds (R)$, and projected galaxy clustering, $w_{\mathrm{p}}(R)$, measured from the Hyper Suprime-Cam three-year (HSC-Y3) shape catalog and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR11 spectroscopic galaxy catalog - a 3$\times$2pt cosmology analysis. We define luminosity-cut samples of SDSS galaxies to serve as the tracers of $w_{\mathrm{p}}$ and as the lens samples for $\hat{I}”\hat{I}\pounds$ in three spectroscopic redshift bins spanning the range $0.15<z<0.7$. For the $\hat{I}{¾}_{\pm }$ and $\hat{I}”\hat{I}\pounds$ measurements, we use a single source sample over 416 deg${}^2$, selected from HSC-Y3 based on having photometric redshifts (photo-$z$) greater than 0.75. For cosmological parameter inference, we use Dark Emulator combined with a halo occupation distribution prescription to model $w_{\mathrm{p}}$ and $\hat{I}”\hat{I}\pounds$ down to quasi-nonlinear scales. In our baseline analysis we employ an uninformative flat prior of the residual photo-$z$ error to model a residual bias in the mean redshift of HSC source galaxies. We obtain a robust constraint on the cosmological parameters for the flat $\hat{I}›$CDM model: $S_8=\ddot{I}{ƒ}_8(\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3{)}^{0.5}=0.763_{-0.036}^{+0.040}$ (68% C.I.), or the best-constrained parameter given by $S_8^{\prime }=\ddot{I}{ƒ}_8(\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3{)}^{0.22}=0.721\pm 0.028$, determined with about 4% fractional precision. Our HSC-Y3 data exhibits about 2.5$\ddot{I}ƒ$ tension with the Planck inferred $S_8$ value for the $\hat{I}›$CDM model, and hints at a non-zero residual photo-$z$ bias implying that the true mean redshift of the HSC galaxies at $z\gtrsim 0.75$ is higher than that implied by the original photo-$z$ estimates.

39 pages, 25 figures, 5 tables, for coordinated submission to PRD with other HSC Y3 weak lensing cosmology papers - see https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/doc/index.php/wly3/. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2111.02419