Nonmesonic Quantum Many-Body Scars in a 1D Lattice Gauge Theory

Abstract

We investigate the meson excitations (particle-antiparticle bound states) in quantum many-body scars of a 1D ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to a dynamical spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain as a matter field. By introducing a string representation of the physical Hilbert space, we express a scar state $|\hat{I}{¨}_{n,l}⟩$ as a superposition of all string bases with an identical string number $n$ and a total length $l$. For the small-$l$ scar state $|\hat{I}{¨}_{n,l}⟩$, the gauge-invariant spin exchange correlation function of the matter field hosts an exponential decay as the distance increases, indicating the existence of stable mesons. However, for large $l$, the correlation function exhibits a power-law decay, signaling the emergence of nonmesonic excitations. Furthermore, we show that this mesonic-nonmesonic crossover can be detected by the quench dynamics, starting from two low-entangled initial states, respectively, which are experimentally feasible in quantum simulators. Our results expand the physics of quantum many-body scars in lattice gauge theories and reveal that the nonmesonic state can also manifest ergodicity breaking.

7+2 pages, 4+1 figures