Stationary Two-State System in Optics using Layered Materials
arXiv:2303.08395 · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad4ca1
Abstract
In scenarios where electrons are confined to a flat surface, such as graphene, quantizing electrodynamics reveals intriguing insights. We find that one of Maxwell's equations manifests as part of the Hamiltonian, leading to novel constraints on physical states due to residual gauge invariance. We identify two quantum states with zero energy expectation values: one replicates the scattering and absorption of light, a phenomenon familiar in classical optics, while the other is more fundamentally associated with photon creation. These states form an inseparable two-state system, giving a new formula for reflection and transmission coefficients with photon emission effects. Notably, there exists a special thickness of the surface where these states decouple, offering intriguing possibilities for exploring physics through symmetry-based perturbations involving concepts of parity, axial gauge fields, and surface deformation.
6 pages, 2 figures
References in corpus (6)
- Universal Dynamic Conductivity and Quantized Visible Opacity of Suspended Graphene
- Gauge field for edge state in graphene
- Non-Markovian dynamics with a giant atom coupled to a semi-infinite photonic waveguide
- Multiple single-photon generations in three-level atoms coupled to cavity with non-Markovian effects
- Layered Dynamical Conductivity for a Transfer Matrix Method -- Application to an N-layer Graphene
- Introducing Corrections to the Reflectance of Graphene by Light Emission