Pre-instruction for Pedestrians Interacting Autonomous Vehicles with an eHMI: Effects on Their Psychology and Walking Behavior
arXiv:2303.08380 · doi:10.1109/TITS.2025.3560621
Abstract
External human-machine interface (eHMI) is considered as a new explicit communication method for pedestrian-AV interactions, particularly in encounter scenarios. Pedestrians without prior negotiation experience with eHMI may misinterpret the driving intentions of AV, leading to confusion and unpredictable behavior. To address this, our study suggests providing pre-instruction on eHMI to enhance comprehension. To compare pedestrians' subjective feelings and walking behavior changes with and without the use of eHMI, as well as before and after receiving pre-instructions, a road crossing experiment using a within-subject design was conducted. In the experiment, the participants were challenged to recognize situations and experienced uncertainty when encountering AVs lacking eHMI, in contrast to manual driving vehicles. After the pre-instruction, participants could understand the driving intention of an AV with eHMI and predict its driving behavior more easily. Furthermore, participants' subjective feelings and hesitation to make decisions improved to align with the same criteria as encountered with a manual driving vehicle. Additionally, this study found that the information guidance effect of using eHMI makes participants' walking speeds more consistent over multiple trials after pre-instruction.
12 pages, 7 figures, 6 Tables
References in corpus (3)
- What Is the Gaze Behavior of Pedestrians in Interactions with an Automated Vehicle When They Do Not Understand Its Intentions?
- What Timing for an Automated Vehicle to Make Pedestrians Understand Its Driving Intentions for Improving Their Perception of Safety?
- Enhancing the Driver's Comprehension of ADS's System Limitations: An HMI for Providing Request-to-Intervene Trigger Information