Testing the mass of the graviton with Bayesian planetary numerical ephemerides B-INPOP

Abstract

We use MCMC to sample the posterior distribution of the mass of the graviton -- assumed here to be manifest through a Yukawa suppression of the Newtonian potential -- by using INPOP planetary ephemerides. The main technical difficulty is the lack of analytical formulation for the forward problem and the cost in term of computation time for its numerical estimation. To overcome these problems we approximate an interpolated likelihood for the MCMC with the Gaussian Process Regression. We also propose a possible way to assess the uncertainty of approximation of the likelihood by mean of some realization of the Gaussian Process. At the end of the procedure, a 99.7% confidence level threshold value is found at $1.01\times 10^{-24}eV{c}^{-2}$ (resp. ${\lambda }_g\ge 122.48\times 10^{13}km$), representing an improvement of 1 order of magnitude relative to the previous estimation of Bernus et al. 2020. Beyond this limit, no clear information is provided by the current state of the planetary ephemerides.

arXiv comment29 pages without appendix and 45 with appendices

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