JADES: Discovery of extremely high equivalent width Lyman-alpha emission from a faint galaxy within an ionized bubble at z=7.3

Abstract

We report the discovery of a remarkable Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ emitting galaxy at z = 7.2782, JADES-GS-z7-LA, with EW${}_0$(Ly$\hat{I}\pm$) $=388.0\pm 88.8$Ã and UV magnitude -17.0. The spectroscopic redshift is confirmed via rest-frame optical lines [O II], H${\hat{I}}^2$ and [O III] in its JWST/NIRSpec Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) spectrum. The Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ line is detected in both lower resolution PRISM as well as medium resolution G140M grating spectra. The LSF-deconvolved Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ FWHM in the grating is $383.9\pm 56.2$ km/s and the Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ velocity offset compared to the systemic redshift is $113.3\pm 80.0$ km/s, indicative of very little neutral gas or dust within the galaxy. We estimate the Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ escape fraction to be >70%. JADES-GS-z7-LA has a O32 ratio of $11.1\pm 2.2$ and a R23 ratio of $11.2\pm 2.6$, consistent with low metallicity and high ionization parameters. Deep NIRCam imaging also revealed a close companion source (separated by 0.23"), which exhibits similar photometry to that of JADES-GS-z7-LA, with a photometric excess in the F410M NIRCam image consistent with [O III]+H${\hat{I}}^2$ emission at the same redshift. The spectral energy distribution of JADES-GS-z7-LA indicates a "bursty" star formation history, with a low stellar mass of $\approx 10^7$ $M_{\odot }$. Assuming that the Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ transmission through the intergalactic medium is the same as its measured escape fraction, an ionized region of size > 1.5 pMpc is needed to explain the high Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ EW and low velocity offset compared to systemic seen in JADES-GS-z7-LA. Owing to its UV-faintness, we show that it is incapable of single-handedly ionizing a region large enough to explain its Ly$\hat{I}\pm$ emission. Therefore, we suggest that JADES-GS-z7-LA (and possibly the companion source) may be a part of a larger overdensity, presenting direct evidence of overlapping ionized bubbles at $z>7$.

14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A