Spontaneous Scalarization as a New Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism and its Multi-Messenger Signals

Abstract

We perform multi-dimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations in a massive scalar-tensor theory for the first time with a realistic equation of state and multi-energy neutrino radiation. Among the set of our models varying the scalar mass and the coupling strength between the scalar and gravitational fields, a particular model allows for recurrent spontaneous scalarizations (SSs) in the proto-neutron star (PNS). Each SS induces the PNS collapse and subsequent bounce, from which devastating shock waves emanate and eject the PNS envelope. The explosion energy can easily exceed $\mathcal{O}(10^{51})$ erg. This study reveals new aspects of SS as the explosion mechanism of CCSNe. We also discuss its characteristic multi-messenger signals: neutrinos and gravitational waves.

11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRD

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