Nonsinusoidal current-phase relations in semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator devices

Abstract

Coherent tunneling processes of multiple Cooper pairs across a Josephson junction give rise to higher harmonics in the current phase relation. In this work, we propose and study Josephson junctions based on semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures to engineer nonsinusoidal current-phase relations. The gate-tunability of charge carriers density in the semiconductor, together with the adjustable magnetization of the ferromagnetic insulator, provides control over the content of the supercurrent harmonics. At finite exchange field, hybrid junctions can undergo a 0\,--\,$\pi$ phase transition, resulting in the supercurrent reversal. Close to the transition, single-pair tunneling is suppressed and the current-phase relation is dominated by the second-harmonic, indicating transport primarily by pairs of Cooper pairs. Finally, we demonstrate that non-collinear magnetization or spin-orbit coupling in the leads and the junction can lead to a gate-tunable Josephson diode effect with efficiencies of up to $\sim 30\%$.

13 pages, 7+1 figures

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• Nonreciprocal superconducting transport and the spin Hall effect in gyrotropic structures
• Josephson diode effect with Andreev and Majorana bound states
• The hybrid Josephson rhombus: A superconducting element with tailored current-phase relation
• Theory of universal diode effect in three-terminal Josephson junctions
• Dissipationless Nonlinearity in Quantum Material Josephson Diodes
• Intrinsic superconducting diode effect and nonreciprocal superconductivity in rhombohedral graphene multilayers
• Buzdin, Shapiro and Chimera Steps in ${\phi }_0$ Josephson Junctions
• ${\varphi }_0$-junction and Josephson diode effect in high-temperature superconductor
• Controllable Josephson diode effect, $0$-$\pi$ transition and switch effect in the superconductor/two-dimensional Weyl nodal line semimetal/superconductor junctions
• Fermionic Quantum Simulation on Andreev Bound State Superlattices
• Nonlocal Josephson diode effect in minimal Kitaev chains
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• P-wave pairing near a spin-split Josephson junction
• Parity-protected superconducting qubit based on topological insulators
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• Percolative supercurrent in superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator bilayers
• Giant and robust Josephson diode effect in multiband topological nanowires
• Phase-sensitive non-reciprocal transport in high-temperature superconductor
• Helimagnetic Josephson diode effect