Bayesian optimization of massive material injection for disruption mitigation in tokamaks

Abstract

A Bayesian optimization framework is used to investigate scenarios for disruptions mitigated with combined deuterium and neon injection in ITER. The optimization cost function takes into account limits on the maximum runaway current, the transported fraction of the heat loss and the current quench time. The aim is to explore the dependence of the cost function on injected densities, and provide insights into the behaviour of the disruption dynamics for representative scenarios. The simulations are conducted using the numerical framework DREAM (Disruption Runaway Electron Analysis Model). We show that irrespective of the quantities of the material deposition, multi-megaampere runaway currents will be produced in the deuterium-tritium phase of operations, even in the optimal scenarios. However, the severity of the outcome can be influenced by tailoring the radial profile of the injected material; in particular if the injected neon is deposited at the edge region it leads to a significant reduction of both the final runaway current and the transported heat losses. The Bayesian approach allows us to map the parameter space efficiently, with more accuracy in favorable parameter regions, thereby providing us information about the robustness of the optima.

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Fluid and kinetic studies of tokamak disruptions using Bayesian optimization
• Bayesian optimisation of poloidal field coil positions in tokamaks
• Runaway electron generation in disruptions mitigated by deuterium and noble gas injection in SPARC
• An upper pressure limit for low-Z benign termination of runaway electron beams in TCV
• First numerical analysis of runaway electron generation in tungsten-rich plasmas towards ITER