A quantum interferometer for quartets in superconducting three-terminal Josephson junctions

Abstract

An interferometric device is proposed in order to analyze the quartet mode in biased three-terminal Josephson junctions (TTJs), and to provide experimental evidence for emergence of a single stationary phase, the so-called quartet phase. In such a quartet-Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (quartet-SQUID), the flux sensitivity exhibits period $hc/4e$, which is the fingerprint of a transient intermediate state involving two entangled Cooper pairs. The quartet-SQUID provides two informations: an amplitude that measures a total ``quartet critical current'', and a phase lapse coming from the superposition of the following two current components: the quartet supercurrent that is odd in the quartet phase, and the phase-sensitive multiple Andreev reflection (phase-MAR) quasiparticle current, that is even in the quartet phase. This makes a TTJ a generically "$\theta$-junction". Evidence for phase-MARs plays against conservative scenarii involving synchronization of AC Josephson currents, based on ``adiabatic'' phase dynamics and RSJ-like models.

6 pages, 2 figures, revised manuscript (minor modifications)

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• Hidden symmetry in interacting-quantum-dot-based multi-terminal Josephson junctions
• Quartet Tomography in Multiterminal Josephson Junctions
• Long-range coupling between superconducting dots induced by periodic driving
• Magnetointerferometry of multiterminal Josephson junctions
• Ballistic Andreev interferometers
• Josephson tunnel junction arrays and Andreev weak links: linked by a single energy-phase relation
• Nonequilibrium Andreev resonances in ballistic graphene Andreev interferometers
• Enhancement of the topological regime in elongated Josephson junctions
• Revisiting the adiabatic limit in ballistic multiterminal Josephson junctions