Stress Tensor Flows, Birefringence in Non-Linear Electrodynamics, and Supersymmetry

Abstract

We identify the unique stress tensor deformation which preserves zero-birefringence conditions in non-linear electrodynamics, which is a $4d$ version of the $T\overline{T}$ operator. We study the flows driven by this operator in the three Lagrangian theories without birefringence -- Born-Infeld, Plebanski, and reverse Born-Infeld -- all of which admit ModMax-like generalizations using a root-$T\overline{T}$-like flow that we analyse in our paper. We demonstrate one way of making this root-$T\overline{T}$-like flow manifestly supersymmetric by writing the deforming operator in $\mathcal{N}=1$ superspace and exhibit two examples of superspace flows. We present scalar analogues in $d=2$ with similar properties as these theories of electrodynamics in $d=4$. Surprisingly, the Plebanski-type theories are fixed points of the classical $T\overline{T}$-like flows, while the Born-Infeld-type examples satisfy new flow equations driven by relevant operators constructed from the stress tensor. Finally, we prove that any theory obtained from a classical stress-tensor-squared deformation of a conformal field theory gives rise to a related ``subtracted'' theory for which the stress-tensor-squared operator is a constant.

64 pages; v3: comments and references added

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• Interacting Chiral Form Field Theories and $T\overline{T}$-like Flows in Six and Higher Dimensions
• Gravity and $T\bar{T}$ flows in higher dimensions
• $T\overline{T}$-Like Flows and $3d$ Nonlinear Supersymmetry
• Flows in the Space of Interacting Chiral Boson Theories
• Waves and strings in an interacting conformal chiral 2-form theory in six dimensions
• Field-Dependent Metrics and Higher-Form Symmetries in Duality-Invariant Theories of Non-Linear Electrodynamics