Electromagnetic lensing using the Aharonov-Bohm effect

Abstract

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a new electromagnetic lensing concept using the magnetic vector potential - in a region free of classical electromagnetic fields - via the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This toroid-shaped lens with poloidal current flow allows for electromagnetic lensing which can be tuned to be convex or concave with a spherical aberration coefficient of opposite polarity to its focal length. This new lens combines the advantages of traditional electromagnetic and electrostatic field-based lenses and opens up new possibilities for the optical design of charged-particle systems. More generally, these results demonstrate that the Aharonov-Bohm effect can shape charged particle wavefronts beyond simple step shifts if topologies beyond simple flux lines are considered and supports the physical significance of the magnetic vector potential.

arXiv comment15 pages main text (3 figures) + 16 pages supplemental (5 figures). V2: Revised flow and clarity of text

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