Promotion and growth diagrams for fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux

Abstract

We construct an injection from the set of $r$-fans of Dyck paths (resp. vacillating tableaux) of length $n$ into the set of chord diagrams on $[n]$ that intertwines promotion and rotation. This is done in two different ways, namely as fillings of promotion-evacuation diagrams and in terms of Fomin growth diagrams. Our analysis uses the fact that $r$-fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux can be viewed as highest weight elements of weight zero in crystals of type $B_r$ and $C_r$, respectively, which in turn can be analyzed using virtual crystals. On the level of Fomin growth diagrams, the virtualization process corresponds to the Roby-Krattenthaler blow up construction. One of the motivations for finding rotation invariant diagrammatic bases such as chord diagrams is the cyclic sieving phenomenon. Indeed, we give a cyclic sieving phenomenon on $r$-fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux using the promotion action.

arXiv comment42 pages, 13 figures; version2: references added, results on evacuation added, Theorem 4.22 updated; version 3: clarifications added

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