Pointer States in the Born-Markov approximation

Abstract

Explaining the emergence of classical properties of a quantum system through its interaction with the environment has been one of the promising ideas on how to understand the notorious quantum-to-classical transition. A pivotal role in this approach is played by, so called, pointer states which are quantum states least affected by the environment and are ``carriers" of classical behavior. We develop here a general method on how to find pointer states. Working within the Born-Markov approximation, we combine methods of group theory and open quantum systems to derive explicit equations describing pointer states. They contain variances squared of certain operators, thus resembling the defining equations of coherent states, but are in general different from the latter. This shows that two notions of being ``the closest to the classical" -- one defined by the uncertainty relations and the other by the interaction with the environment -- are in general different. As an example, we study arbitrary spin-$J$ systems interacting with bosonic or spin thermal environments and find explicitly pointer states for $J=1$.

arXiv commentIntroduction re-written from a different perspective, references expanded, title changed. Main text and findings unchanged. Comments welcome

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