Entanglement negativity in a nonequilibrium steady state

Abstract

We study entanglement properties in a nonequilibrium steady state of a free-fermion chain, that emerges after connecting two half-chains prepared at different temperatures. The entanglement negativity and the Rényi mutual information between two adjacent intervals scale logarithmically in the system size, with prefactors that we calculate analytically as a function of the bath temperatures. In particular, we show that the negativity and the Rényi mutual information with index $\alpha =1/2$ are described by different prefactors, and thus the two quantities provide inequivalent information about the state. Furthermore, we show that the logarithmic growth of the negativity during time evolution is also governed by the steady-state prefactor.

17 pages, 8 figures

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• Extensive Long-Range Entanglement at Finite Temperatures from a Nonequilibrium Bias
• Birth and Early Growth of Entanglement by sd Exchange with Gate-Voltage-Controllable Destiny
• A contour for the entanglement negativity of bosonic Gaussian states