Upper bound for the ground state energy of a dilute Bose gas of hard spheres

Abstract

We consider a gas of bosons interacting through a hard-sphere potential with radius $\mathfrak{a}$ in the thermodynamic limit. We derive a simple upper bound for the ground state energy per particle at low density. Our bound captures the leading term $4\pi \rho \mathfrak{a}$ and shows that corrections are smaller than $C\rho \mathfrak{a}(\rho {\mathfrak{a}}^3{)}^{1/2}$, for a sufficiently large constant $C>0$. In combination with a known lower bound, our result implies that the first sub-leading term to the ground state energy is, in fact, of the order $\rho \mathfrak{a}(\rho {\mathfrak{a}}^3{)}^{1/2}$, in agreement with the Lee-Huang-Yang prediction.

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