Fake Z

Abstract

Recently introduced connections between quantum codes and Narain CFTs provide a simple ansatz to express a modular-invariant function $Z(\tau ,\bar{\tau })$ in terms of a multivariate polynomial satisfying certain additional properties. These properties include algebraic identities, which ensure modular invariance of $Z(\tau ,\bar{\tau })$, and positivity and integrality of coefficients, which imply positivity and integrality of the $\mathfrak{u}(1{)}^n\times \mathfrak{u}(1{)}^n$ character expansion of $Z(\tau ,\bar{\tau })$. Such polynomials come naturally from codes, in the sense that each code of a certain type gives rise to the so-called enumerator polynomial, which automatically satisfies all necessary properties, while the resulting $Z(\tau ,\bar{\tau })$ is the partition function of the code CFT -- the Narain theory unambiguously constructed from the code. Yet there are also ``fake'' polynomials satisfying all necessary properties, that are not associated with any code. They lead to $Z(\tau ,\bar{\tau })$ satisfying all modular bootstrap constraints (modular invariance and positivity and integrality of character expansion), but whether they are partition functions of any actual CFT is unclear. We consider the group of the six simplest fake polynomials and denounce the corresponding $Z$'s as fake: we show that none of them is the torus partition function of any Narain theory. Moreover, four of them are not partition functions of any unitary 2d CFT; our analysis for other two is inconclusive. Our findings point to an obvious limitation of the modular bootstrap approach: not every solution of the full set of torus modular bootstrap constraints is due to an actual CFT. In the paper we consider six simple examples, keeping in mind that thousands more can be constructed.

30 pages

References in corpus (7)

• Universal Spectrum of 2d Conformal Field Theory in the Large c Limit
• Fast Conformal Bootstrap and Constraints on 3d Gravity
• Non-rational Narain CFTs from codes over $F_4$
• Narain CFTs and error-correcting codes on finite fields
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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Classification of chiral fermionic CFTs of central charge $\le 16$
• Holographic description of Narain CFTs and their code-based ensembles
• Global Symmetries, Code Ensembles, and Sums Over Geometries
• Fermionic CFTs from topological boundaries in abelian Chern-Simons theories
• On the Virasoro fusion kernel at $c=25$