High-sensitivity VLBI Observations of the Water Masers in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068

Abstract

We present observational results of water vapor maser emission with our high-sensitivity 22 GHz VLBI imaging of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. In this galaxy, there are the following four nuclear radio sources; NE, C, S1, and S2. Among them, the S1 component has been identified as the nucleus while the C component has been considered as attributed to the radio jet. In our VLBI observation, we find the following two types of the water maser emission at the S1 component. One is the linearly aligned component that is considered as an edge-on disk with the inner radius of 0.62 pc. The dynamical mass enclosed within the inner radius was estimated to be $1.5\times 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ by assuming the circular Keplerian motion. Note, however, that the best fit rotation curve shows a sub-Keplerian rotation ($v\propto r^{-0.24\pm 0.10}$). The other is the water maser emission distributed around the rotating disk component up to 1.5 pc from the S1 component, suggesting the bipolar outflow from the S1 component. Further, we detected the water maser emission in the C component for the first time with VLBI, and discovered a ring-like distribution of the water maser emission. It is known that a molecular cloud is associated with the C component (both HCN and HCO${}^{+}$ emission lines are detected by ALMA). Therefore, the ring-like maser emission can be explained by the jet collision to the molecular cloud. However, if these ring-like water masing clouds constitute a rotating ring around the C component, it is likely that the C component also has a supermassive black hole with the mass of $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$ that could be supplied from a past minor merger of a nucleated satellite galaxy.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the PASJ

References in corpus (14)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• A Warped Accretion Disk and Wide Angle Outflow in the Inner Parsec of the Circinus Galaxy
• VLBI Imaging of Water Maser Emission from the Nuclear Torus of NGC 1068
• ALMA resolves the torus of NGC 1068: continuum and molecular line emission
• The Parsec-scale Radio Structure of NGC 1068 and the Nature of the Nuclear Radio Source
• Evidence for a Geometrically Thick Self-Gravitating Accretion Disk in NGC 3079
• High-Velocity Bipolar Molecular Emission from an AGN Torus
• The Nature of the Nuclear H2O Masers of NGC 1068: Reverberation and Evidence for a Rotating Disk Geometry
• ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus
• Counter-Rotation and High Velocity Outflow in the Parsec-Scale Molecular Torus of NGC 1068
• ALMA 0.1-0.2 arcsec resolution imaging of the NGC 1068 nucleus - compact dense molecular gas emission at the putative AGN location
• Origin of non-keplerian motions of masers in NGC 1068
• Jet-cloud collisions in the jet of the Seyfert galaxy NGC3079

Cited by in corpus (4)

• High Sensitivity Observations of the Water Megamasers of NGC 1068: Precise Astrometry and Detailed Kinematics
• Ionized regions in the central arcsecond of NGC 1068. YJHK spatially resolved spectroscopy
• IC 485:a new candidate disk-maser galaxy at $\sim$100 Mpc distance. Milliarcsecond resolution study of the galaxy nucleus and of the $H_{2}O$ megamaser
• Water Maser Disk and a Supermassive Black Hole at the Nucleus of the Active Galaxy NGC 7738