Cavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds

Abstract

Rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of quantum states is a ubiquitous requirement in quantum information technologies, playing a crucial role in quantum computation, quantum error correction, and fundamental tests of non-locality. Readout of the spin state of an optically active emitter can be achieved by driving a spin-preserving optical transition and detecting the emitted photons. The speed and fidelity of this approach is typically limited by a combination of low photon collection rates and measurement back-action. Here, we demonstrate single-shot optical readout of a semiconductor quantum dot spin state, achieving a readout time of only a few nanoseconds. In our approach, gated semiconductor quantum dots are embedded in an open microcavity. The Purcell enhancement generated by the microcavity increases the photon creation rate from one spin state but not from the other, as well as efficiently channelling the photons into a well-defined detection mode. We achieve single-shot readout of an electron spin state in 3 nanoseconds with a fidelity of (95.2$\pm$0.7)%, and observe quantum jumps using repeated single-shot measurements. Owing to the speed of our readout, errors resulting from measurement-induced back-action have minimal impact. Our work reduces the spin readout-time to values well below both the achievable spin relaxation and dephasing times in semiconductor quantum dots, opening up new possibilities for their use in quantum technologies.

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• Single-Shot Readout and Weak Measurement of a Tin-Vacancy Qubit in Diamond
• Loss-tolerant architecture for quantum computing with quantum emitters
• Quantum non-demolition measurement of an electron spin qubit through its low-energy many-body spin environment
• Stark Tuning and Charge State Control in Individual Telecom C-Band Quantum Dots
• Birefringent spin-photon interface generates polarization entanglement
• A Low-Temperature Tunable Microcavity featuring High Passive Stability and Microwave Integration
• Radio-frequency charge detection on graphene electron-hole double quantum dots
• Quantum Assemblage Tomography