Quantum direct communication protocol using recurrence in k-cycle quantum walk

Abstract

The ability of quantum walks to evolve in a superposition of distinct quantum states has been used as a resource in quantum communication protocols. Under certain settings, the $k$-cycle discrete-time quantum walks\,(DTQW) are known to recur to its initial state after every $t_r$ steps. We first present a scheme to optically realize any $k$-cycle DTQW using $J$-plate, orbital angular momentum\,(OAM) sorters, optical switch, and optical delay line. This entangles the polarization and OAM degrees of freedom\,(DoF) of a single photon. Making use of this recurrence phenomena of $k$-cycle DTQW and the entanglement generated during the evolution, we present a new quantum direct communication protocol. The recurrence and entanglement in $k$-cycle walk are effectively used to retrieve and secure the information, respectively, in the proposed protocol. We investigate the security of the protocol against intercept and resend attack. We also quantify the effect of amplitude damping and depolarizing noises on recurrence and mutual information between polarization and OAM DoF of a single photon.

9 pages, 6 figures

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• The Quantum Internet
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Cited by in corpus (4)

• The Evolution of Quantum Secure Direct Communication: On the Road to the Qinternet
• Review on Quantum Walk Computing: Theory, Implementation, and Application
• Efficient implementation of discrete-time quantum walks on quantum computers
• Recurrent generation of maximally entangled single particle states via quantum walks on cyclic graphs