Bound for Gaussian-state Quantum illumination using direct photon measurement

Abstract

It is important to find feasible measurement bounds for quantum information protocols. We present analytic bounds for quantum illumination with Gaussian states when using an on-off detection or a photon number resolving (PNR) detection, where its performance is evaluated with signal-to-noise ratio. First, for coincidence counting measurement, the best performance is given by the two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) state which outperforms the coherent state and the classically correlated thermal (CCT) state. However, the coherent state can beat the TMSV state with increasing signal mean photon number in the case of the on-off detection. Second, the performance is enhanced by taking Fisher information approach of all counting probabilities including non-detection events. In the Fisher information approach, the TMSV state still presents the best performance but the CCT state can beat the TMSV state with increasing signal mean photon number in the case of the on-off detection. Furthermore, we show that it is useful to take the PNR detection on the signal mode and the on-off detection on the idler mode, which reaches similar performance of using PNR detections on both modes.

arXiv comment7+1 pages, 3 figures, close to the published version

References in corpus (33)

• Gaussian Quantum Information
• Advances in Quantum Cryptography
• Quantum Illumination with Gaussian States
• The Quantum Chernoff Bound
• Experimental realisation of quantum illumination
• Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing in a Lossy and Noisy Environment
• Gaussian-state quantum-illumination receivers for target detection
• Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver
• Optimum mixed-state discrimination for noisy entanglement-enhanced sensing
• Quantum Reading of a Classical Digital Memory
• Quantum-Enhanced Noise Radar
• Quantum illumination versus coherent-state target detection
• Computable bounds for the discrimination of Gaussian states
• The quantum Chernoff bound as a measure of distinguishability between density matrices: application to qubit and Gaussian states
• Quantum-enhanced standoff detection using correlated photon pairs
• Receiver Operating Characteristics for a Prototype Quantum Two-Mode Squeezing Radar
• Quantum Estimation Methods for Quantum Illumination
• Resolution of 100 photons and quantum generation of unbiased random numbers
• Fundamental limits of quantum illumination
• Multidimensional quantum-enhanced target detection via spectro-temporal correlation measurements
• The minimum error probability of quantum illumination
• Quantum Illumination with a generic Gaussian source
• Optimal probes for continuous variable quantum illumination
• Two-way covert quantum communication in the microwave regime
• Quantum illumination via quantum-enhanced sensing
• Experimental Quantum Target Detection Approaching the Fundamental Helstrom Limit
• Quantum illumination receiver using double homodyne detection
• Experimental investigation of linear-optics-based quantum target detection
• Gaussian State-Based Quantum Illumination with Simple Photodetection
• Observable bound for Gaussian illumination
• Quantum illumination with multiplexed photodetection
• Optimal squeezing for quantum target detection
• Gaussian Quantum Illumination via Monotone Metrics

Cited by in corpus (5)

• True image construction in quantum-secured single-pixel imaging under spoofing attack
• Quantum Target Ranging for LiDAR
• Not even 6 dB: Gaussian quantum illumination in thermal background
• Quantum target ranging with Hetero-Homodyne detection
• Chernoff Information Bottleneck for Covert Quantum Target Sensing