Characterizing a non-equilibrium phase transition on a quantum computer

Abstract

At transitions between phases of matter, physical systems can exhibit universal behavior independent of their microscopic details. Probing such behavior in quantum many-body systems is a challenging and practically important problem that can be solved by quantum computers, potentially exponentially faster than by classical computers. In this work, we use the Quantinuum H1-1 quantum computer to realize a quantum extension of a simple classical disease spreading process that is known to exhibit a non-equilibrium phase transition between an active and absorbing state. Using techniques such as qubit-reuse and error avoidance based on real-time conditional logic (utilized extensively in quantum error correction), we are able to implement large instances of the model with $73$ sites and up to $72$ circuit layers, and quantitatively determine the model's critical properties. This work demonstrates how quantum computers capable of mid-circuit resets, measurements, and conditional logic enable the study of difficult problems in quantum many-body physics: the simulation of open quantum system dynamics and non-equilibrium phase transitions.

7 pages, 4 figures; supplement 18 pages, 19 figures, 1 table; Updated acknowledgements

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• Designing open quantum systems with known steady states: Davies generators and beyond
• Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals
• Spin high-harmonic generation through terahertz laser-driven phonons
• Probing critical states of matter on a digital quantum computer
• Dissipative variational quantum algorithms for Gibbs state preparation
• Simulating open quantum systems with giant atoms
• Dynamical and structural properties of an absorbing phase transition: a case study from granular systems
• Power-law entanglement and Hilbert space fragmentation in non-reciprocal quantum circuits
• Space-time correlations in monitored kinetically constrained discrete-time quantum dynamics
• Efficient preparation of the AKLT State with Measurement-based Imaginary Time Evolution
• Microwave-coupled optical bistability in driven and interacting Rydberg gases
• Concomitant Entanglement and Control Criticality Driven by Collective Measurements
• Absorbing state phase transitions beyond directed percolation in dissipative quantum state preparation
• Noise resilience in adaptive and symmetric monitored quantum circuits
• Scalable quantum simulator with an extended gate set in giant atoms
• Quantum conditional mutual information as a probe of measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions
• Measurement-and Feedback-Driven Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions on a Quantum Processor
• Frustration-Free Control and Absorbing-State Transport in Entangled State Preparation
• Error detection without post-selection in adaptive quantum circuits
• Revealing emergent many-body phenomena by analyzing large-scale space-time records of monitored quantum systems
• Control-driven critical fluctuations across quantum trajectories
• Synchronized Aharonov-Bohm Motifs via Engineered Dissipation