The Planetary Nebula in the 500 Myr old Open Cluster M37

Abstract

We report confirmation of a large, evolved, bipolar planetary nebula and its blue, white dwarf central star as a member of the ~500 Myr old Galactic open star cluster M37 (NGC 2099). This is only the third known example of a planetary nebula in a Galactic open cluster and was found via our on-going program of identifying and studying planetary nebulae - open cluster associations. High confidence in the association comes from the consistent radial velocities and proper motions for the confirmed central star and cluster stars from Gaia, reddening agreement and location of the planetary nebula well within the tidal cluster boundary. Interestingly, all three Galactic examples have bipolar morphology and likely Type I chemistry, both characteristics of higher mass progenitors. In this case the progenitor star mass is in the mid-range of ~2.8 Msun. It provides a valuable, additional point on the key stellar initial-to-final mass relation independent of cluster white dwarf estimates and also falls in a gap in the poorly sampled mass region. This planetary nebula also appears to have the largest kinematical age ever determined and implies increased visibility lifetimes when they are located in clusters.

arXiv comment11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

References in corpus (34)

• PARSEC: stellar tracks and isochrones with the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code
• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A Gaia DR2 view of the Open Cluster population in the Milky Way
• The SDSS View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey
• VVV DR1: The First Data Release of the Milky Way Bulge and Southern Plane from the Near-Infrared ESO Public Survey VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea
• New models for the evolution of Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae
• Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Evolution of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Stars. Preliminary Results
• The Aao/Ukst Supercosmos H-alpha Survey (SHS)
• The White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation for Progenitor Stars From 0.85 to 7.5 M${}_{\odot }$
• The Element Abundances in Bare Planetary Nebula Central Stars and the Shell Burning in AGB Stars
• Evolution of Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars I. The COLIBRI Code
• The VST Photometric Halpha Survey of the Southern Galactic Plane and Bulge (VPHAS+)
• HASH: the Hong Kong/AAO/Strasbourg H-alpha planetary nebula database
• The interaction of planetary nebulae and their AGB progenitors with the interstellar medium
• The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. III. The White Dwarf Cooling Age of the Rich Open Star Cluster NGC 2099 (M37)
• Carbon star formation as seen through the non-monotonic initial-final mass relation
• The Distances to Open Clusters from Main-Sequence Fitting. IV. Galactic Cepheids, the LMC, and the Local Distance Scale
• A new detailed examination of white dwarfs in NGC3532 and NGC2287
• Analysis of cool DO-type white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10
• Variability in Hot Carbon-Dominated Atmosphere (hot DQ) White Dwarfs: Rapid Rotation?
• The Progenitors and Lifetimes of Planetary Nebula
• SDSS J000555.90-100213.5: a hot, magnetic carbon-atmosphere WD rotating with a 2.1 day period
• Searching for central stars of planetary nebulae in Gaia DR2
• PHR1315-6555: a bipolar planetary nebula in the compact Hyades-age open cluster ESO96-SC04
• A high-mass Planetary Nebula in a Galactic Open Cluster
• Chromospheric and Coronal Activity in the 500-Myr-old Open Cluster M37: Evidence for Coronal Stripping?
• New Candidate Planetary Nebulae in Galactic Globular Clusters from the VVV Survey
• Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy of a Planetary Nebula in an M31 Open Cluster: Hot-Bottom Burning at $3.4M_{\odot }$
• Astrometric star-cluster membership probability: application to the case of M 37 with Gaia EDR3
• The Central Star of Planetary Nebula PHR 1315-6555 and its host Galactic Open Cluster AL 1
• MEGARA-GTC Stellar Spectral Library (I)
• Proper-Motion Membership Tests for Four Planetary Nebulae in Galactic Globular Clusters
• Astro-photometric study of M37 with Gaia and wide-field ugi-imaging
• Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in IPHAS and SDSS

Cited by in corpus (9)

• The TIME Table: Rotation and Ages of Cool Exoplanet Host Stars
• Uncovering new white dwarf - open cluster associations using Gaia DR3
• The unusual planetary nebula nucleus in the Galactic open cluster M37 and six further hot white dwarf candidates
• Morphologies and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Galactic bulge from VLT, $\text{HST}$ and Pan-STARRS imaging
• The physical association of planetary nebula NGC 2818 with open cluster NGC 2818A
• Unveiling compact planetary nebulae: Broad-band survey analysis and LAMOST confirmation
• First Discovery and Confirmation of PN Candidates Found from AI and Deep Learning Techniques Applied to VPHAS+ Survey Data
• Ancient 'ghost' planetary nebulae discovered with amateur telescopes
• WHTZ 1: A high excitation Planetary Nebula not a gaseous cocoon from runaway star HD 185806