Unveiling the interplay between the GASP jellyfish galaxy JO194 and its environment with Chandra

Abstract

X-ray studies of jellyfish galaxies opened a window in the physics of the interplay between intracluster medium (ICM) and interstellar medium (ISM). In this paper, we present the study of an archival \textit{Chandra} observation of the GASP jellyfish galaxy JO194. We observe X-ray emission extending from the stellar disk to the unwinding spiral arms with an average temperature of $kT=0.79\pm 0.03$ keV. To investigate the origin of the X-ray emission, we compare the observed X-ray luminosities with those expected from the star formation rates (SFR) obtained from H$\alpha$ emission. We estimate an X-ray luminosity excess of a factor $\sim 2-4$ with respect to the SF, therefore we conclude that SF is not the main responsible for the extended X-ray emission of JO194. The metallicity in the spiral arms ($Z=0.24_{-0.12}^{+0.19}{Z}_{\odot }$) is consistent with that of the ICM around JO194 ($Z=0.35\pm 0.07$), thus we suggest that the ICM radiative cooling dominates the X-ray emission of the arms. We speculate that the X-ray plasma results from the ISM-ICM interplay, although the nature of this interplay is still mostly unknown. Finally, we observe that the X-ray properties of JO194 are consistent with those of two other GASP galaxies with different stellar mass, phase-space conditions in their hosting clusters, and local ICM conditions. We suggest that the conditions required to induce extended X-ray emission in jellyfish galaxies are established at the beginning of the stripping, and they can persist on long time scales so that galaxies in different clusters and evolutionary stages can present similar extended X-ray emission.

16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication on ApJ, on date 1st August 2022

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• ViCTORIA project: MeerKAT HI observations of the ram pressure stripped galaxy NGC 4523
• Ram pressure stripping in clusters: Gravity can bind the ISM but not the CGM
• Gas Metallicity of Ram-Pressure Stripped Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift with MUSE Data
• Star formation at different stages of ram-pressure stripping as observed through far-ultraviolet imaging of 13 GASP galaxies
• The supersonic nature of jellyfish galaxies